Abdi's+Research+Notes

**// Region: - Iberian Peninsula - Southern Europe //**
 * Climate and Geographic Factors: **
 * // Terrain: Hilly, mountainous north, rolling plains through south. //**
 * // Highest Point: Mount Pico, Pico Island - 2351 m //**
 * // Lowest Point: Atlantic Ocean, 0 m, Sea level //**
 * // Portugal //****// is one of the warmest European countries. Severe temperatures take place in the mountains of the Northeastern parts of the country in winter and Southeastern parts in summer, sea coastal areas are mild. //** **//There is some snowfall. It occurs most in the Serra da Estrela Mountains. The summers are hot and dry, especially in the inland areas. //**
 * Events and Leaders: **
 * // Events: //**

 -  **// Portugal //****// establishes itself as a separate kingdom - 1139 //**  -  **// Treaty of Windsor creates everlasting alliance between Portugal and England - 1386 //**

 -  **// The Portuguese Empire lead by King John I invades and conquers Ceuta a strategic location owned by Morocco - 1415 //**  -  **// Henry the Navigator, a Portuguese Prince explores down the coast of Africa – 1415 //**  -  **// The Portuguese send colonists to settle on the newly discovered island of Madeira – 1420 //**  -  **// The Caravel, a sailing ship is developed in the Mediterranean – 1450 //**  -  **// Vasco da Gama sails across the Indian Ocean from east Africa and arrives at the southern coast of India - 1498 //**  -  **// Portuguese establish trading posts on the coast of Mozambique – 1500 //**  -  **// Brazil //****// becomes a Portuguese province - 1549 //**  -  **// Dutch expel the Portuguese from their trading posts – 1641 //**  -  **// The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is changed from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro – 1763 //**  -  **// The first rebellion against Portuguese rule in Brazil is lead by Tiradentes – 1788 //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Slavery is made illegal in the Portuguese empire – 1875 //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Portuguese East Africa becomes independent as Mozambique – 1975 //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// The handover of Macau to China marked the end of the Portuguese overseas empire – 1999 //** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">**// Leaders: //** **//__ House of Burgundy __//****// : //** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">**//__ House of Braganza: __//** ** //Pedro V -> Luís I -> Carlos I ->// //__Manuel II__// **
 * //__ Afonso I __//****// -> Sancho I -> Afonso II -> Sancho II -> Afonso III -> __Denis__ -> Afonso IV -> Peter I -> Ferdinand I -> Beatrice* //**
 * // * Disputed by historian on whether or not she should be considered Queen of Portugal //**
 * //__ House of Avis: __//**
 * // John I -> Edward -> __Afonso V__ -> John II -> Afonso V -> John II //**
 * //__ House of Avis-Beja: __//**
 * // Manuel I -> John III -> Sebastian I -> Henry I -> Anthony I* //**
 * // *Disputed as well //**
 * //__ House of Habsburg: __//**
 * // Philip I -> Philip II -> Philip III //**
 * // John IV -> Afonso VI -> Peter II -> John V -> Joseph I -> Maria I with Peter III -> John VI -> Pedro IV -> Maria II -> Miguel* -> Maria II with Ferdinand II //**
 * // *Disputed as well (again) //** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">
 * //__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">House of Braganza-Wettin: __//**

<span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Was the first King of Portugal //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// His father was Henry of Burgundy who was Count of Portugal //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Was exiled by his mother Teresa of León for have different political ideas //** <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> **// (1279-1325)  //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -   **// Was the eldest son of King Afonso III //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Structured the exploration of mines for silver, tin, copper, and iron //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Was nicknamed “the Farmer” because of his ambition to redevelop rural infrastructure and he also promoted agriculture  //** <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">**// (1438-1481)  //**
 * // (1139-1185) //**

<span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Was the eldest son of King Edward and was the 12th King of Portugal //** <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #993366; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> -  **// Succeeded his father at the age of six but didnt become king until the age of 16 //**

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